ABSTRACT
Background:Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) are one of the major adverse effects of blood transfusion. Serological testing can reduce, but not eliminate the occurrences of TTIs. Study of TTIs amongst blood donors could help to find safe blood for the patients.Aims:This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of markers of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Syphilis and Malaria among Voluntary Blood Donors and Replacement Blood Donors in a tertiary care centre.Materials and Methods: Aretrospective study was conducted at The State of the art Model blood bank, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Medical College (JNMMC) and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. This study included all the blood donors both from in-hospital donations and outdoor camps donations (including Voluntary and Replacement donors) from January 2011 to December 2018. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was done for screening of HBV, HCVand HIV; Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test was done for syphilis and Card Test for Malaria Antigen.Results:Atotal of 1,08,577 donors were screened over a period of eight years. The seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis and malaria was found to be 0.12%, 0.77%, 0.04%, 0.22% and 0.03% respectively. Overall seroprevalence of reactive TTIs was 1.19%, which was maximum in the year 2013 (2.28%) after that there was a gradual decrease in the prevalence rate of TTIs in blood donors over the years. Infections were more common among Replacement Donors as compared to Voluntary Donors. Conclusion: The increase in public awareness regarding Voluntary blood donation, meticulous donor screening, counselling and use of highly sensitive tests can help in reducing the risk of TTIs. Prevalence of HIVinfection is decreasing in the blood donors. The HBVinfection still remains a menace to be tackled. HCV, Syphilis and malaria maintain a low rate of positivity. Methods to ensure a safe blood supply should be encouraged.
ABSTRACT
Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome is an increasingly prevalent chronic condition which is, unfortunately, still underdiagnosed. It is peculiarity of this noisy disease that it announces itself to everyone within earshot-except its victims. The intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation caused by recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse are chiefly responsible for the pathophysiology associated with this condition.Methods: The present study was carried out from January 2014 to August 2015 in a tertiary care government hospital. In this comparative hospital based study 94 patients with Sleep Disordered Breathing and >13 years of age were included. There were 58 males and 36 females in the present study. All patients who satisfied inclusion criteria were studied after taking written consent. Collection of data was carried out with predesigned proforma.Results: Of all the 94 patients who underwent overnight Polysomnographic study,80 patients were diagnosed as Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Risk factor of OSA have gender differences in their distribution. Female patient is older with significantly higher mean age compared to male patients with OSA (52.9 vs 44.7 years). Females are having significantly higher BMI compared to male OSA(38.2 vs 31.5) but neck circumference is higher in males (44.7 Vs 38.1 cm).The prevalence of Smoking and Alcoholism as a risk factor is higher in male patients while endocrine disorder are more common in females. ENT abnormalities are present more or less equally in both the sexes.Conclusions: In the present study females’ patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea were mainly Older, Obese, Postmenopausal and endocrine disorder like Hypothyroidism were more prevalent while male patients were Smoker, Alcoholic and had higher neck circumference.
ABSTRACT
Background: Blood safety a major issue in the field of transfusion medicine. Persons who are disqualified or rejected fromdonating blood are known as “deferred” donors. Deferrals lead to loss of precious blood/components available for transfusion.For preventing this, we should be having knowledge of the causes of deferral and their frequency. To make blood transfusionsafe for the patients, many safety measures are undertaken and the most important is a selection of the suitable blood donors.Hence, it is important to analyze the reasons and rate for donor deferral and retain the motivated donors.Aims: This study aims to evaluate and analyze the reasons of predonation deferrals.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, causes of donor deferral were evaluated retrospectively including both inhospital donations (and outdoor camp donations) including voluntary and replacement donors from January 2016 to December2018 in the State of the Art Model blood bank of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Memorial Hospital and Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru MemorialMedical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.Results: Among 53,245 donors registered, 1894 (3.56%) were deferred from blood donation. Temporary deferrals weresignificantly higher than permanent deferral. The most common reasons for temporary deferral were anemia, followed byunderweight, recent medication, high blood pressure (BP), and low BP and so on. The common causes for permanent deferralincluded being overage, diabetes, asthma, heart disease, hepatitis B surface antigen positivity, and epilepsy and so on.Conclusion: Creating public awareness on common causes of donor deferral may help to lower the deferral rates as well aspromote the retention of potential donors.